Everyone knows that search engine optimization is the game to play these days. After all, it seems as though it's the only thing that everyone talks about anymore. But how do you go about properly optimizing your website? Do you really need to spend a bundle of money for special tools and consultants?

The answer is no - as long as you have a little bit of time and willingness to learn. In this article, we'll take a look at some simple steps you can take that have been proven to greatly improve the ranking of websites within search engine results.

But first, I'll define search engine optimization, according to Dictionary.com, so that we start on the same page: [search engine optimization is] the process of choosing targeted keywords and keyword phrases related to a Web site so the site will rank high when those terms are part of a Web search; abbr. SEO. A good basic definition - you will see in a moment, however, that SEO does go above and beyond mere keywords.

So let's get started from the ground up.

Website Structure

We'll start at the very basis - your website's structure. This pertains to the way your site is put together, and every other aspect of SEO builds upon this. I'll start with the basic website/web page elements you do not want to have, and I'll also explain why:

• Re-directs
  Re-directs refer to pages that are blank and just point to another page. Many search engines run into trouble when they try to add re-direct pages to their databases, so this is something you want to stay away from. Many re-direct pages are not indexed, and if you are using a re-direct for your homepage, there goes any chance you may have had of any part of your website landing in search results.

• Frames
  Frames consist of essentially two separate web pages being displayed as one. Frames are usually used so that, for instance, a constant navigation menu can be displayed in a panel on the left side of the screen, while the rest of the screen changes each time a link in the navigation panel is clicked. This can make a website look snazzy, but search engines just can't process frames, and you'll end up with the same problems as if you tried to use re-directs. It is best to stay away from frames. The good news is that you can emulate the function of frames pretty easily, through the use of simple HTML - the only difference is that you'll have to include the navigation menu code on each page, but it is worth doing this to have your website indexed.

• Image maps
  Image maps are images that have had separate links added to them. To illustrate, suppose you have created an image with three areas of text on it: 'Home' 'Help' and 'Links'. By "mapping" that image, you can create three separate links around each area of text, without having to break the image into three smaller images. Image maps are usually used for navigation menus, but here is where the problem comes in: search engines cannot follow the links in a navigation menu. (Aren't you starting to get tired of all the problems these navigation menus cause?) There is an easy work-around, though, if you really want to use image maps - just include the links as text links somewhere else on each page that has an image map. Search engines will be able to follow these text links and index the rest of your site.

• Macromedia Flash
  You either have a love or hate relationship with Flash, but the bottom line is it chokes up search engines too. If you don't have to use it, please, don't. (Not only for your sake, but for the sake of us who have gotten just a little bit tired of those tacky Flash headers on every website now!)

• CGI, PHP, and all that stuff
  CGI, PHP, and other web programming and scripting languages are very powerful and can contribute a great deal to a website's functionality. But dynamic web pages are just one more thing that search engines can't digest. Oftentimes, there may be no getting around using scripting in a website, but use it sparingly, and if you're using it for the sole reason of looking impressive when HTML would do the job just fine, by all means, switch to HTML!

So now you have a basic understanding of the technologies and areas to avoid when building - or re-designing - your website. A properly structured website facilitates the easier "crawling" of "spiders" through it so that it receives a higher search engine results ranking.

We'll now move on to the content of your website, an often-overlooked aspect of search engine optimization.